QUESTION TAG (grammar)

Kalimat yang berimbuh kalimat penegasan
Egg : She is not beautiful. Is he ?

Aturan :

1. Bila statement (-) maka tag nya (+)

2. Bila statement (-) maka tag nya (+)

3. Bila statement (+) tapi terdapat kata yang bernada negative maka tag nya positive
   Egg : Never, Seldom, Rarely, Hardly, etc

4. Apabila subjek/objek statement menggunakan Noone, Nobody, Nothing tag nya positif

5. You apabila bertemu pronoun lain selain I dan We maka tetap
    Egg : You and Andre went go jogja. Didn't you ?
              You and I are friend. Aren't we ?

6. I dan WE apabila bertemu pronoun lain maka tag nya menggunakan WE
   Egg : Anggun and I didn't know you, didn't we ?

7. Semua pronoun bertemu kecuali I,WE,YOU, maka tag nya THEY

8. Indefinite pronoun dibawah ini mempunyai kata ganti IT ; yaitu something,everything,nothing,anything.

9. THEY, Yaitu someone,somebody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,people.

SUBJUNTIVE (grammar)

Kalimat yang memberikan makna/harapan yang tidak sesuai dengan keadaan sebenarnya.

SUBJUNCTIVE WORD

1. Wish : berharap

2. Would rather : Lebih suka

3. If only : Kalau saja

4. As if/As though : Seolah-olah

A. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE          
    Hal yang tidak sesuai kenyataan sekarang

1. WISH
    Verbal : S + WISH + (that) + SIMPLE PAST
    Nominal : S + WISH + (that) + S + WERE + 3C

2. WOULD RATHER
    Verb : S + WOULD RATHER + (that) + SIMPLE PAST
     Nominal : S + WOULD RATHER + (that)  + S + WERE + 3C

3. IF ONLY
    Verbal : IF ONLY + SIMPLE PAST + PAST FUTURE
    Nominal : IF ONLY + S + WERE + 3C + SIMPLE PAST

4.  AS IF/AS THOUGH
     Verbal : SIMPLE PRESENT + AS IF/AS THOUGH + SIMPLE PAST
     Nominal : SIMPLE PRESENT + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S + WERE + 3C


B. PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
     Hal yang tidak sesuai dimasa lampau

1. WISH
    Verbal : S + WISH + (that) + PAST PERFECT
    Nominal : S + WISH + (that) + S + HAD BEEN + 3C

2. WOULD RATHER
    Verbal : S + WOULD RATHER + (that) + PAST PERFECT
    Nominal : S + WOULD RATHER + (that) + S + HAD BEEN + 3C

3. IF ONLY
    Verbal : IF ONLY + PAST PERFECT + PAST FUTURE PERFECT
    Nominal : IF ONLY + S + HAD BEEN + 3C + PAST FUTURE PERFECT

4. AS IF/AS THOUGH
    Verbal : SIMPLE PAST + AS IF/AS THOUGH + PAST PERFECT
    Nominal : SIMPLE PAST + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S + HAD BEEN + 3C


C. FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE

I.  Menyatakan keadaan yang tidak mungkin terjadi dimasa yang akan datang
    Verbal : S + WISH + PAST FUTURE
   Nominal : S + WISH + S + WOULD + BE + 3C
Egg : X : Sorry, I cann't come to your party
          Y : Actually, I wish you would come

II. Menyatakan kejadian yang masih mungkin bisa terjadi dimasa yang akan datang
    Verbal : S + WISH + PAST FUTURE
    Nominal : S + WISH + WOULD + BE + 3C
Egg : X : I wish you would come to my party
         Y : Of course




Note:
3C : 3 Complement adalah Adjective, Noun, Adverb

CULTURE

1. Ethnic : Suku

2. Ritual : Upacara adat

3. Cultural shock : Keterkejutan budaya

4. Stereotype : Meniru-niru

5. Burial : Pemakaman

6. Inheritance : Warisan

7. Descent : Keturunan

8. Civilization : Peradaban

9. Tendency : Gejala

10. Norms : Norma-norma

11. Art : Seni

12. Civilizing : Membudayakan

13. Cross culture : Pemahaman budaya luar

14. Humanist : Budayawan

15. Adaptation : Adaptasi

16. Diffusion : Penyebaran budaya

17. Assmilation : Pembauran dua budaya

18. Acculturation : Penyerapan budaya

19. Hereditary : Turun-temurun

20. Acceptable : Dapat diterima


EXPRESSION

1. Better safe than sorry : Sedia payung sebelum hujan

2. Keep your language : Jaga bicaramu

3. You gotta get your : Kamu harus intropeksi diri

PRODUCT

1. A consumer : Konsumen

2. Market research : Penelitian pasar

3. An and user : Konsumen akhir

4. Market segmentation : Pembagian pasar

5. Serving size : Takaran saji

6. Dietary fiber : Serat makanan

7. Evaporated : Diuapkan

8. Nutrition fact : Informasi gizi

9. Saturated fact : Lemak jenuh

10. Based on : Berdasarkan

11. Sodium nitrate : Gara pengawet

12. Serving suggestion : Saran penyajian

13. Fillets ; Daging cincang

14. Marketing cost : Harga pemasaran

15. Net weight : Berat bersih

16. Gross weight : Berat kotor

17. Bank interest : Bunga bank

18. Amount perseving : Jumlah persajian

19. A brand : Merk

20. Income ; Penghasilan


EXPRESSION

1. Is not laughing matter : Ini bukan hal yg sepele

2. Stop hitting around : Jangan menyindir

3. First think first : Yang penting harus didahulukan

EDUCATION

1. The educator : Pendidik/pengajar

2. The formal education : Pendidikan formal

3. Private school : Sekolah swasta

4. State school : Sekolah negri

5. Kindergarten : Taman kanak"

6. Elementary school : SD

7. Vacational school : SMK

8. Technical high school : STM

9. Handicraft : Kerajinan tangan

10. Lodger : Anak kos

11. Examine/examiner : Peserta/Penguji

12. Tuition : SPP

13. Removing class : Kenaikan kelas

14. Graduation : Tamatan/lulusan

15. The entrance examination : Ujian masuk

16. Law and order : Tata tertib

17. Uniform : Seragam sekolah

18. Under/post graduate : S1 / S2

19. Worksheets : Lembar kerja

20. Handbook : Buku panduan


Expressions

1. Take a look at me : Perhatikan saya

2. Hand in your papers : Kumpulkan kertas kerjamu

3. Keep out my study : Jangan ganggu belajarku

4. I keep my finger crossed for you : Do'aku selalu menyertaimu

DIRECTION

1. North  : Utara

2. South : Selatan

3. West : Barat

4. East : Timur

5. Go on : Jalan terus

6. Go straight on : Jalan lurus

7. Turn right : Belok kanan

8. Turn left : Belok kiri

9. On the right : Sebelah kanan

10. On the left : Sebelah kiri

11. Bend : Belokan

12. Curve : Tikungan

13. Sidewalk : Trotoar

14. Fly over : Jalan layang

15. Tunnel : Terowongan

16. Cross road : Perempatan

17. Fork road : Simpang lima

18. Ring road : Bundaran

19. T-junction : Pertigaan

20. Dead alley : Gang buntu

21. Through : Jalan tembusan 

22. Foot path : Jalan setapak

23. Toll road : Jalan tol

24. Main highway : Jalan utama

25. Highway : Jalan raya

26. Upward : Tanjakan

27. Downroad : Turunan 

28. Park : Taman

29. Bridge : Jembatan

30. Turn back : Putar balik

31. At the corner : Pojokan

32. Paved road : Jalan aspal

33. Traffict : Lalu lintas

34. Traffict light : Lampu lalu lintas

35. Traffict jamn : Kemacetan

36. Traffict sign : Rambu lalu lintas

37. Traffict bumb : Polisi tidur

37. Gas station : Pom bensin

ADJECTIVE

1. Lively : Lincah

2. Lovely : Indah

3. Absurd : Konyol

4. Honest : Jujur

5. Humble : Rendah hati

6. Helpful : Dermawan

7, Tiny : Mungil

8. Thirfly : Hemat

9. Agreeable : Serasi

10. Naughty : Nakal

11. Alert ; Waspada

12. Cruel : Kejam/jahat

13. Caprisious : Plin plan

14. Greedy : Tamak/rakus

15. Extravagant : Boros

16. Wise : Bijaksana

17. Creepy : Menyeramkan

18. Awesome : Mengagumkan

19. Impatient : Tidak sabar

20. Selfish : Egois